The Span 40 (sorbitan monooleate)/Tween (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate) system gives faceted vesicles with angular surfaces, rather than spherical vesicles. Herein, a continuous and facile preparation method, based on the subcritical water-assisted emulsification solvent diffusion, was presented to yield two major minor axes (Type A) closer polyhedron B). Type A, B, were likely be formed...

niosomes are non-ionic surfactant vesicles that have potential applications in the delivery of hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. the topical form of n-acetyl glucosamine (nag) recently has been considered in the treatment of hyperpigmentation disorders due to its inhibitory effect on thyrosinase enzymes in melanocytes. to improve nag penetration into the skin we formulated the drug in niosomes...

Three types of solvents with different polarity (cyclohexane, toluene and benzene), a nonionic surfactant Span 40 were used to prepare strontium aluminate (SrAl2O4) spinel nanoparticles by a reverse micelle method. The structure of SrAl2O4 nanoparticles was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The morphology and size of the synthesized materials were studied using field emission scanning e...

Repetitive, high-force pinch grip exertions are common in many occupational activities. The goal of the current study was to quantify the relationship between lateral pinch grip span (distance between thumb and index finger) and lateral pinch grip strength. An experiment was conducted in which 40 participants performed maximal lateral pinch grip exertions at 11 levels of grip span distances (0,...

This study investigates which position (grip span) on the standard grip dynamometer results in maximum grip strength. Our null hypotheses included (1) no optimal grip span exists for measuring grip strength and (2) optimal grip span is unrelated to hand size. We also intended to derive a simple mathematical algorithm to adapt grip span to hand size. Seventy healthy subjects (40 women/30 men; me...